No Added Chemicals

In this section, we will build up our concepts about the 3 laws of thermodynamics (the 1st, 2nd, and the 3rd laws of thermodynamics) to bring the concept of spontaneity of reactions based on new parameter which is the free energy. In this section, there are 2 types of free energy which are the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, and we will have a deeper discussion in Gibbs free energy because it is used more common in chemistry. Furthermore, we will see briefly how the free energy is related to the equilibrium process. Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (left) and Josiah Willard Gibbs (right) The founders of the concept of free energies

In this section, we will have a discussion about the origin of spontaneity of process by looking some of the thermodynamics properties, one of it is entropy. Besides that, we will also see the thermodynamics laws that become the foundations of the concept of entropy which are the 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics. Furthermore, we will see one of the application of the 2nd law of thermodynamics in Carnot engine. An idealised (impossible) engine

In this section, we will build up one of the concept of the trend in stability constant where changing the ligands into chelating agent has effect on the stability constant. A chelating agent or a chelate can be defined as polydentate ligand where it has more than 1 attachment point of ligand-metal ion. In this section, we will also see the origin and the physical interpretation of the chelate effect. [M(EDTA ) ] (n-4)+  complex, the chelate effect

In this section, we will have a discussion how to make a complex compound through some common methods or reactions such as substitution or redox reaction. Besides that, we will also see some thermodynamics and kinetics aspect in complexation reaction, one of the thermodynamics parameter which will be discussed is the stability constant, K . Lastly, we will also see the pattern of K in complexation reaction with some abnormal cases.

In this section we will discuss about one of the main principles of thermodynamics which is energy accountancy. In this section, we will focus on heat transactions which is the application of first law of thermodynamics. Besides that, we will also discuss about enthalpy where the reaction happens at constant pressure. Furthermore, we will also discuss about heat capacity and adiabatic system.

This section we will discuss the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics which are the zeroth and first law of thermodynamics. Besides that, we will also have a discussion about two important points related to the first law which are heat and work.