No Added Chemicals

... One of the metabolic processes is called citric acid cycle (CAC) or famously known as Krebs cycle; named after its discoverer Hans Krebs. Hans Krebs himself was awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953... In part I, we decoded half of the Krebs cycle as citrate ion (6C) is converted to succinyl-CoA (4C) after several steps. Afterwards, in succinyl coenzyme synthetase (CSC) succinate (4C) is formed from succinyl-CoA (4C) with helps of either GDP or ADP.

Hans Krebs The way living things can maintain its function, do many activities, or just simply to survive in this harsh world sometimes can be mysterious. However, there is one way to understand these mysterious processes and science, especially chemical science, can help us to understand these processes. These processes are sometimes metabolic processes and it can be seen as chemical reactions that happen in living things, from bacteria to blue whale. One of the metabolic processes is called citric acid cycle (CAC) or famously named Krebs cycle; named after its discoverer Hans Krebs. Hans Krebs himself was awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953.

In nucleophilic addition in carbonyl compounds, it involves breaking π(C=O) bond by adding electrons into C=O antibonding orbitals. This implies the trajectory of attack for addition of a nucleophile follows the shape  of π*(C=O) allowing proper overlap with the orbitals. The trajectory of this nucleophile is around 107-109° and this angle is called Bürgi-Dunitz angle; named after H. B. Bürgi and J. D. Dunitz who discovered the physical evidence that supports the this angle of attack (H. B. Bürgi, J. D. Dunitz, and E. Shefter, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95 , 5065-5067). Bürgi-Dunitz angle and the evidence of the trajectory of nucleophilic attack.